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The UN World Health Organization (WHO) on Tuesday issued an urgent call for countries to transform their care and support systems for older people, warning that current systems are not prepared to meet growing demand.

96 成人VR视频 Perspectives on Global Health - September Issue September 30, 2024  
NEWSLETTER -->  Selected Articles from this Month  Jessica Matschek, a medical student at 成人VR视频, recounts her transformative four-week medical internship in Nunavik - "My internship illuminated the many cultural and social factors affecting Inuit hesitancy to seek care in Montreal, even to the detriment of their own health." --> Mehrshad Bakhshi, a fourth-year medical student at 成人VR视频, reflects on his experience with the Road2IR initiative in Uganda in this compelling photo essay.  --> Meet the 2024 cohort of 成人VR视频 Global Health Programs鈥� Global Health Scholars 鈥� Undergraduate program! These talented undergraduates are addressing pressing issues at the intersection of health, equity, and social justice, from using art to combat mental health challenges to exploring COVID-19鈥檚 impact on Nigerian women.  -->  Mission in Motion
  Get ready to be inspired! In this dynamic section, we spotlight global health organizations that are making waves and driving real change around the world. Each month, we showcase their innovative strategies and impactful initiatives as they tackle pressing health challenges and champion equity. 

This month, we focus on the crucial field of contraception as we recognize World Contraception Day, observed annually on September 26th.This global awareness day unites organizations dedicated to promoting contraceptive options and empowering individuals, especially young men and women, to make informed choices about their reproductive health. --> image:  A global leader in reproductive health, providing essential contraception and safe abortion services in over 37 countries. It's committed to empowering individuals to take control of their reproductive choices, and has improved community well-being and promoted family planning for millions worldwide. --> image:  Champions reproductive justice by expanding access to abortion and contraception. Focusing on empowering women and girls, it dismantles barriers to essential services while advocating for policy changes that secure reproductive rights as fundamental human rights. Their innovative programs ensure that everyone has the resources they need for a healthy future. -->  In the News
  Stay up to date with news and opinions on Global Health
At the 79th United Nations General Assembly (UNGA79), held on September 27, 2024, global leaders emphasized the need to revitalize multilateralism, using the successful global AIDS response as a powerful model of hope and solidarity. Highlighting the extraordinary progress made in combating HIV, they outlined concrete commitments aimed at ending AIDS by 2030 and addressing the inequalities that hinder access to essential health services. -->

Antimicrobials, like antibiotics, are essential for treating infections, yet antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is drastically diminishing their effectiveness, leading to millions of deaths annually. This article examines the factors contributing to AMR and outlines crucial interventions across health, agriculture, and environmental sectors to tackle this urgent global challenge.

-->  New in Global Health Academic Literature
  Stay up to date with literature around the world in Global Health
By: Zoe Duby, et al.
"Adolescent girls and young women in South Africa are actively seeking contraceptive options that align with their unique circumstances, highlighting the importance of individualized approaches to family planning.

Despite facing numerous challenges, including stigma and access issues, many young women are determined to educate themselves about contraceptive methods and advocate for their reproductive rights." -->
By: Ebenezer Kwesi Armah-Ansah, et al.

"Women鈥檚 intention to use contraceptives is significantly influenced by their educational level, with higher education correlating to increased likelihood of contraceptive use.

The study reveals that access to healthcare services and supportive partner relationships are critical factors in enhancing contraceptive agency among women of reproductive age." --> Writing to 成人VR视频 Global Health Perspectives 成人VR视频 Global Health Perspectives welcomes contributions relevant to global health. Contributions to Global Health Perspectives should pertain to its mission and can include perspectives from your latest research, research experience, key issues in health policy governance, equity related challenges and strengths in global health to name a few. We want to represent a wide range of voices representing global health research, commentaries and opinions on current global health challenges and ideas on future direction of global health. Click for submission guidelines.

You can submit your article, photo essay or article pitch to us by emailing us at: globalhealthblog@mcgill.ca.  --> Subscribe to our weekly newsletter to stay up-to-date on the latest information and experiences in global health! Follow us on social media  --> Copyright 漏 2017 成人VR视频 Global Health Programs, All rights reserved.

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96 Global Health NOW: Countries Pledge to Reduce AMR Deaths; Marburg Outbreak Hits Rwanda; and Shining a Light on Noma September 30, 2024 Barbados Prime Minister Mia Mottley speaks during the UN General Assembly in New York on September 27. Jeenah Moon/Bloomberg via Getty Countries Pledge to Reduce AMR Deaths
National leaders committed last week at the UN General Assembly to reducing deaths from antimicrobial resistance (AMR) by 10% by 2030.
 
The , which was passed by 193 member states on Sept. 26, reflects growing international concern about the growing threat of AMR:

• 1.27 million deaths in 2019 were caused by bacterial antimicrobial resistance.

Persistent problems: While countries have made strides against AMR since a 2016 , underlying issues that aid AMR remain, including 鈥渆xcessive use of antibiotics in livestock and on fish farms鈥� and unnecessary antibiotics prescriptions for patients, .

• At least 28% of antibiotic prescriptions in the U.S. are unnecessary, .

Action items: The declaration called on countries to increase efforts across sectors, including farming, pharmaceutical manufacture, environmental protection, and health care, .  
 
The Quote: 鈥淭his is a press conference not for us with grey hair so much, but for the young people of the world, because they鈥檙e the ones who will have to face the possible threat of a reversal of a century of medical progress in what we dub the silent, slow-motion pandemic,鈥� said Barbados Prime Minister Mia Mottley at a media event before the declaration鈥檚 passage.
 
Related:
 
Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus: World leaders commit to radically scale-up efforts to fight the superbug threat 鈥�
 
Why the world can afford the intimidating sums needed to beat superbugs 鈥�
 
Cargill cows contaminated with vital antibiotics 鈥�
 
鈥楽uperbugs鈥� could devastate livestock globally 鈥� GLOBAL HEALTH VOICES The Latest One-Liners   Twin Russian drone strikes hit a hospital in the city of Sumy in northeastern Ukraine yesterday, killing at least nine and injuring several more; the second strike incapacitated first responders.

Four more health workers developed respiratory symptoms after caring for a Missouri patient who was hospitalized with bird flu, raising to six the number of health workers affected; CDC and the state鈥檚 health department are conducting blood tests of those affected to look for antibodies to the H5 virus linked to outbreaks in cattle and poultry.

COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy protects newborns too young to be vaccinated from hospitalization, ; ~90% of babies hospitalized for COVID-19 had mothers who did not receive the shots while pregnant.
 
A novel drug for schizophrenia secured U.S. approval Friday; in trials, KarXT, designed to activate muscarinic receptors in the brain, relieved symptoms while causing fewer side effects, offering a promising alternative to traditional antipsychotics. ETHICS RADAR Marburg Outbreak Hits Rwanda  
Rwanda is battling an outbreak of Marburg virus鈥攖he country鈥檚 first鈥攁nd, while confirmed just last Friday, it鈥檚 already the world鈥檚 fourth-largest recorded outbreak, .

• Rwanda鈥檚 Ministry of Health confirmed eight fatalities and 26 cases as of yesterday, ; ~300 people potentially exposed to the viral hemorrhagic fever are being monitored.


• Most of the victims are health workers, .

Marburg, which is initially transmitted to people via fruit bats, has a fatality rate of up to 88%鈥攁nd there are no licensed vaccines or specific treatments, The Telegraph notes.

The response:

• The WHO is deploying experts and equipment to Rwanda and coordinating cross-border containment efforts with neighbors; emergency medical supplies are expected to land in Kigali in the coming days.


• Rwandan authorities are urging people to stay calm but vigilant, wash their hands with soap and clean water, and report all suspected cases.

GLOBAL HEALTH VOICES NEGLECTED DISEASES Shining a Light on Noma
  It has not even been a year since noma was added to the WHO鈥檚 list of neglected tropical diseases.

But already the designation has buoyed researchers and doctors hoping to turn the tide against the devastating gangrenous disease, which destroys tissues of the mouth and face.

• 鈥淭he inclusion of noma on WHO鈥檚 NTD list has already been felt here,鈥� said Abdala Atumane, who leads the oral health department at the provincial health service of Zambezia in Mozambique. 

Encouraging research: The NTD designation 鈥渢ranslates into substantive increases in funding鈥� for research into the disease鈥檚 cause, as well as potential therapies. 

Fighting stigma: Public health workers say the formal attention to the disease is crucial in their efforts to screen for the disease and locate stigmatized patients who have been hidden by their families. 

QUICK HITS Sudan humanitarian crisis has catastrophic impact for women and girls, with two-fold increase of gender-based violence 鈥�

Stem cells reverse woman鈥檚 diabetes 鈥� a world first 鈥�

Whooping cough rebounds to pre-pandemic levels 鈥�

Why Thousands Of Kosovars Are On Hospital Waiting Lists For Years  鈥�

Players, coaches and teams: Here鈥檚 how men could help SA score an HIV goal 鈥�

Interview: How Michigan Targeted Avian Influenza in Dairy Cattle 鈥�

What are Brazilian butt lifts, and should they be banned? 鈥� Issue No. 2788
Global Health NOW is an initiative of Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.

Contributors include Brian W. Simpson, MPH, Dayna Kerecman Myers, Annalies Winny, Morgan Coulson, Kate Belz, Melissa Hartman, Jackie Powder, Aliza Rosen, and Rin Swann. Write us: dkerecm1@jhu.edu, like us on and follow us on Instagram and X .

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Au quatri猫me anniversaire du d茅c猫s de Joyce Echaquan, il reste encore beaucoup de chemin 脿 parcourir

96 Global Health NOW: Bird Flu Control Strategies Aren鈥檛 Working; U.S. Elections: An Existential Crossroads for Global Health Policy; and Cone of Acclaim September 26, 2024 Dairy farm workers at Fairvue Farms, in Woodstock, Connecticut, on July 9. Suzanne Kreiter/The Boston Globe via Getty Bird Flu Control Strategies Aren鈥檛 Working
  A comprehensive review of avian flu outbreaks in European fur farms, South American marine mammals, and U.S. dairy cattle point to a spillover turning point, .
 
U.K. Pirbright Institute virologists evaluated H5N1鈥檚 molecular evolution in wild and domestic birds and pathways for the virus鈥檚 spread to mammals, and called out 鈥渁 reluctance to pursue modern vaccine and surveillance technologies,鈥� , identifying serious control gaps:
 
Dearth of data: Months of missing data from U.S. dairy farms 鈥渓eaves researchers, veterinarians, and policymakers in the dark,鈥� researchers write.
 
Limited testing: Very few states conduct proactive, 鈥渂ulk-tank鈥� milk testing; H5N1 cattle testing is limited to lactating cattle moved over state lines.
 
Wildlife testing gap: Testing live animals, not just carcases, could boost detection.
 
New control strategies needed: Stocks of H5 vaccine related to currently circulating viruses are available; if H5N1 begins spreading in humans, the vaccine could be produced at scale.
 
The Quote: 鈥淲hat keeps scientists up at night is the possibility of unseen chains of transmission silently spreading through farm worker barracks, swine barns, or developing countries, evolving under the radar because testing criteria are narrow, government authorities are feared, or resources are thin,鈥� the study authors .
 
Related: H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b dynamics in experimentally infected calves and cows 鈥� GLOBAL HEALTH VOICES The Latest One-Liners   The obesity drugs Ozempic and Wegovy, known as GLP-1s, could be linked to a drop in opioid overdoses, according to a new ; researchers analyzed anonymized EHRs to identify overdose risk of patients taking GLP-1s with semaglutide compared to patients taking other diabetic medications.

At least three Canadian provinces are exploring options to expand involuntary treatment of people with substance use disorders, against the advice of some health experts who warn involuntary care for drug use can be ineffective and harmful.

Almost a quarter of U.K. Black men surveyed report being refused a prostate cancer test by their doctor鈥攄espite having 2X the risk of developing the disease than the overall adult male population.
 
Sexual behavior modification and natural immunity following infection were the driving forces in curbing the 2022鈥�2023 mpox outbreak in Europe and the U.S., per a ; ~50% of the participants said they changed their sexual behavior during the outbreak. GHN EXCLUSIVE COMMENTARY A man holds up a sticker on the first day of Virginia's in-person early voting at Long Bridge Park Aquatics and Fitness Center. Arlington, Virginia, September 20. Andrew Harnik/Getty U.S. Elections: An Existential Crossroads for Global Health Policy   The 2024 U.S. elections will shape the future of global health policy, determining whether America will continue to provide crucial leadership to advance global health, of CUGH鈥檚 Advocacy and Communications Committee.
 
Backstory: The U.S. has long played a leading role in global health governance, from the WHO鈥檚 establishment in 1948 to the launch of PEPFAR in 2003.

• But that changed after the 2016 election, write Benjamin Mason Meier, Neha Saggi, Muhammad Jawad Noon, and Xinshu She in a GHN commentary.

Elections鈥� impact:

• The Trump Administration , , and, during the COVID-19 pandemic, sought to .


• Subsequently, the Biden Administration walked back those decisions, seeking to .

High stakes: The future of the nation鈥檚 leadership in global health hangs in the balance of this election鈥攁nd global health stakeholders should raise awareness of candidates鈥� global health positions for voters, argue the authors.  
 
GLOBAL HEALTH VOICES INDIGENOUS PEOPLE An Apology for Medical Mistreatment of Indigenous Peoples
Last week, the Canadian Medical Association apologized to the country鈥檚 Indigenous Peoples for the organization鈥檚 role in medical abuse and racial injustices committed against them. It outlined specific cases of wrongdoing and how it plans to reconcile them.

鈥淩ipple effects on future generations鈥�: 150+ years of racism and neglect in medicine and research has had widespread consequences for Indigenous peoples鈥攕horter life expectancies, higher rates of chronic illnesses, and deep mistrust of the medical system, to name a few.

In its apology, the CMA committed to focused on education, inclusion, and advancing Indigenous health and well-being.

ALMOST FRIDAY DIVERSION Cone of Acclaim
To see a dog wearing a 鈥渃one of shame鈥� is to feel instant pity. The wide collars may be a loving way to keep dogs from licking wounds鈥攂ut they just look humiliating. 

But to photographer Winnie Au, a dog in a cone is a 鈥攚hich has now been captured in her new coffee table book, Cone of Shame, .

• It features 60 dignified doggos flaunting customized collars, transforming the demoralizing device into something 鈥渂eautiful and majestic,鈥� explains Au. 


• A portion of the proceeds goes to Animal Haven鈥檚 Recovery Road Fund, which covers medical care for rescue dogs.

Ruffs worth ruffing about: Au teamed up with designer to craft cones from ranging from to to . 

Don鈥檛 call it a catwalk: The dogs could be quite the divas, per behind-the-scenes gossip including . Treats? Mandatory. And drool? Inescapable, says Au: 鈥淪o most of the retouching in the book went into drool removal.鈥� QUICK HITS Sudanese refugees fled to Chad with hope. What they found is a bitter irony 鈥�

Race to combat mpox misinformation as vaccine rollout in DRC begins 鈥�

US suicides held steady in 2023 鈥� at a very high level 鈥�

The cancer moonshot goes global 鈥�

10th death announced in listeria outbreak linked with Boar鈥檚 Head deli meat recall 鈥�

Healthier rice variety could counter rise in diabetes, Philippine scientists say 鈥�

鈥榃e are embarrassed鈥�: Scientific rigor proponents retract paper on benefits of scientific rigor 鈥�

Get your Narcan! Old newspaper boxes are being used to distribute overdose reversal drug 鈥� Issue No. 2787
Global Health NOW is an initiative of Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.

Contributors include Brian W. Simpson, MPH, Dayna Kerecman Myers, Annalies Winny, Morgan Coulson, Kate Belz, Melissa Hartman, Jackie Powder, Aliza Rosen, and Rin Swann. Write us: dkerecm1@jhu.edu, like us on and follow us on Instagram and X .

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Antimicrobial resistance, or AMR, is an invisible killer, so world leaders are holding a high-level meeting at UN Headquarters on Thursday in New York to discuss the best ways forward, adopting a political declaration that focuses on a coordinated response to one of the most serious public health threats. UN News app users can follow here.

96 Global Health NOW: Revisiting Stockpiles as Mpox Spreads; The Power of the Promotoras Model; and DIY Injections September 25, 2024 Health workers walk between wards at the mpox treatment center at Nyiragongo General Referral Hospital, north of Goma, on August 17. Guerchom Ndebo/AFP via Getty Revisiting Stockpiles as Mpox Spreads
  The WHO is urging wealthy countries with smallpox vaccine stockpiles to give some of those doses to African countries that are still battling mpox empty-handed, .

• Smallpox vaccines have been shown effective against mpox, and an estimated hundreds of millions are in global stockpiles. They could help fight the outbreak as efforts to get mpox vaccines to the region continue to stall. 


• 鈥淩ight now we have an immediate need,鈥� said the WHO鈥檚 Maria Van Kerkhove. 

Closer to home: In addition to the need for international aid, empowering African leadership is critical right now, wrote a group of African authors in a .

• 鈥淯ltimately, successfully eliminating human-to-human transmission of mpox in Africa will come down to local public health action,鈥� the group wrote. 

Gaining traction: Meanwhile, there are worrying signs that mpox is making inroads in Kinshasa, the DRC鈥檚 capital city of 17 million, after a sharp uptick in cases鈥攍eading scientists to warn of a larger outbreak, .

And in India: Health officials confirmed the country鈥檚 first case of clade 1b mpox in a 38-year-old man who had recently traveled to Dubai, . 

Related: CDC Alerts on Mpox Prevention for Patients Heading to Areas With Clade I Outbreaks 鈥� GLOBAL HEALTH VOICES The Latest One-Liners   At least 210 women were charged with pregnancy-related crimes since Roe v. Wade was overturned in 2022鈥攎ore than in any other 12-month period since 1973, ; in most of the cases, women were accused not of violating abortion bans, but of child abuse, neglect, or fetus endangerment.

More than 1 in 3 children around the world are shortsighted, that points to excessive screen time and too little time outdoors; Asian children were most affected, with a prevalence rate of 85% in Japan and 73% in South Korea, versus 1% in Paraguay and Uganda.
 
Many hospitalized COVID-19 patients show worse cognitive function more than a year after their illness compared with those who weren't hospitalized, published in Nature Medicine.

Outbreak detection efforts in South and Southeast Asia remain 鈥渦nder-resourced鈥濃�攚ith only about half the countries studied currently including genomic surveillance initiatives in their national plans, published in Nature Microbiology. REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH The Power of the Promotoras Model
The landscape of reproductive rights in the U.S. is already byzantine鈥攂ut for newly arrived immigrants, it is even more confounding.

• For example: A recent community survey in New Jersey found that nearly 70% of Latinx immigrants did not know that abortion was legal in the state.

That is why more advocates are encouraging a public health outreach model for Latinx immigrants based on the 鈥減romotora de salud鈥濃�攐r community health worker.

• In the promotoras model, developed in Latin America in the 1960s, local residents serve as 鈥渢rusted messengers鈥� to share and gather health information. 

In New Jersey, the state鈥檚 Abortion Justice Committee has begun training and deploying promotoras to help provide immigrant communities information about reproductive and sexual health services. 

GLOBAL HEALTH VOICES TECH AND INNOVATIONS DIY Injections
In some regions where people struggle to access critical medicines, the problem is not a lack of drugs鈥攂ut the lack of medical providers to dispense them. 

That鈥檚 why new attention is focusing on medication delivery, and in particular: the syringe. 

Breakthrough delivery: Marc Koska, who invented the single-use auto-disable syringe in 1987, hopes to take that creation to the next level in the form of self-injectable syringes, preloaded with the exact dose of medication.

• 鈥淲e need to get to the point where people can say 鈥榓ll right, I can do this myself,鈥欌�� said Koska. 

Optimizing for access: While self-injectable syringes are already used for some medications like Ozempic, they are difficult to produce鈥攁nd only economically viable in the West. Koska鈥檚 model takes a different manufacturing tack to make the process more cost-effective. 

QUICK HITS 鈥榃e are not testing enough鈥�: new US bird flu cases stoke fears over poor response 鈥�

Will the UNGA meeting on AMR deliver results for the global south? 鈥�

A lead poisoning mystery: How 2 detectives fingered a surprising culprit 鈥�

Senate chairman demands answers from emergency rooms that denied care to pregnant patients 鈥�

Ozempic maker's CEO blames insurance companies for weight-loss drug prices 鈥�

Top Chinese vape firms research nicotine alternatives 鈥�

These Maternity Homes Offer Sanctuary, but It Can Feel Oppressive 鈥�

1 in 7 scientific papers is fake, suggests study that author calls 鈥榳ildly nonsystematic鈥� 鈥�

Health warning over face-slap fighting 鈥� Issue No. 2786
Global Health NOW is an initiative of Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.

Contributors include Brian W. Simpson, MPH, Dayna Kerecman Myers, Annalies Winny, Morgan Coulson, Kate Belz, Melissa Hartman, Jackie Powder, Aliza Rosen, and Rin Swann. Write us: dkerecm1@jhu.edu, like us on and follow us on Instagram and X .

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  Copyright 2024 Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. All Rights Reserved. Views and opinions expressed in Global Health NOW do not necessarily reflect those of the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health or Johns Hopkins University.


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Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an invisible killer, which is directly responsible for 1.3 million deaths and a contributing factor to five million other fatalities every year. Everyone seems to have had a family member or friend who has either gotten seriously ill or died due to acquiring an infection that did not respond to prescribed medicines, and the underlying reason was often antimicrobial resistance. Yet, there are many ways of addressing this threat, from hygiene and sanitation to vaccination and avoiding overuse or misuse of medicines.

96 Global Health NOW: Holding the Polio Eradication Effort Hostage; Cancer Care Inequities Are Costing Kids' Lives; and A Refuge from Relentless Threats September 24, 2024 Holding the Polio Eradication Effort Hostage  
In northwestern Pakistan, village leaders frustrated by government neglect are boycotting polio immunization campaigns鈥攁llowing vaccinations only in exchange for services like electricity, water, paved roads, health care, or jobs鈥攗nwinding Pakistan鈥檚 progress against the virus.

• Two years ago, Pakistan appeared close to defeating polio, with no cases for over a year; this year so far, the country has identified 18 cases.

Global eradication effort at risk: The boycotters are aware of international pressure on Pakistan鈥攐ne of the last two countries where the disease is still endemic鈥攖o wipe out the disease. But it鈥檚 a misconception that some of the money spent on polio could be allocated to address other problems, says Abdul Sattar, a doctor who has worked on the polio campaign.
 
The Quote: 鈥淲e do care for our children, but we also know that the government concedes to our demands only when we stay away from polio drops,鈥� says Zeeshan Ali, a Kuki Khel tribesman who participated in a polio boycott that secured a government promise to repatriate people displaced by war.
 
GLOBAL HEALTH VOICES The Latest One-Liners   The Biden Administration plans to announce a donation today of 1 million mpox vaccine doses and at least $500 million to African countries in a bid to halt the spread.  

California cow herds infected with H5N1 bird flu doubled last weekend鈥攇oing from 17 last Thursday to 34 yesterday morning, making California second only to Colorado, which has confirmed 64 infected herds, among all affected states.
 
African countries鈥� longer life expectancies鈥攁nd the fastest growing senior population in the world鈥攈erald a sharp increase in dementia cases in coming decades; challenges include outdated detection technologies, insufficient research, and inadequate data.

The U.S. obesity rate is 鈥渉igh and holding steady鈥� at ~40%, per a of ~6,000 people, but the proportion of Americans with severe obesity has ticked up from a decade ago鈥攆rom ~8% to ~10%鈥攚ith women nearly 2X as likely as men to be affected. GHN EXCLUSIVE Q&A A boy who has cancer sits on a bed as he receives treatment at the Oncology Centre in Sanaa, Yemen, on November 10, 2020. Hani Al-Ansi/picture alliance via Getty Cancer Care Inequities Are Costing Kids Their Lives
An estimated 400,000 children and adolescents worldwide develop cancer each year. But only half are ever diagnosed鈥攁nd . More than 80% of children with cancer in high-income countries are cured, compared to less than 30% in many LMICs, . 

Compared to children in wealthier nations, kids in LMICs are more likely to experience:

• Delays in diagnosis.


• Lack of access to imaging, diagnostic testing, and medications.


• A scarcity of high-volume centers鈥攊mpeding access to specialized oncology, surgery, and radiotherapy expertise.


• Inadequate support services.

鈥淎ll of these barriers negatively impact survival rates,鈥� Andrew Kung, chair of the Department of Pediatrics at Memorial Sloan Kettering (MSK), says in a GHN exclusive Q&A.

Overcoming them requires global health care collaboration, adds Andreas Dracopoulos, co-president of the Stavros Niarchos Foundation (SNF). 

Looking forward: Kung and Dracopoulos are currently working with the , an MSK Cancer Center and SNF initiative, that aims 鈥渢o optimize outcomes for young patients globally by expanding clinical care expertise, educational and specialized training, and collaborative translational research,鈥� says Kung. DATA POINT MENTAL HEALTH A Refuge from Relentless Threats
Across Latin America, Indigenous environmental advocates seeking to protect ancestral lands from outside industries have faced ruthless repercussions: intimidation, incarceration, assassinations, or forced disappearances. 

鈥淚nvisible traumas鈥�: But targeted advocates also face profound mental suffering under such constant duress, including insomnia, panic attacks, depression, and suicidal ideation.

Places of healing: In response, a network of safe houses and temporary shelters is being created by groups of psychologists, social workers, and lawyers to support advocates鈥� mental health.

• The havens use different forms of therapy, arts and crafts, and educational workshops to help residents 鈥渂reathe, sleep and rest鈥濃�攁nd build resilience. 

Thanks for the tip, Cecilia Meisner! GLOBAL HEALTH VOICES VACCINES Lessons from Louisville  
Louisville, Kentucky, has been held up as a vaccination success by offering vaccinations through school clinics and raising vaccination rates 4% for kindergartners during the 2022鈥�2023 school year. 
 
But numbers have slipped once again鈥攁nd remain below the national threshold, part of a growing trend.

• 40% of American parents said vaccinating their child was 鈥渆xtremely important鈥濃��18% less than 2018. 

Louisville鈥檚 approach: Local officials believe they can get to herd immunity thresholds, citing support from the local health department, nursing schools, and city leaders鈥攂ut they have to overcome challenges including tight funding, misinformation, and bureaucratic rules that hamper doctors providing vaccines.



Thanks for the tip, Dave Cundiff! QUICK HITS The mosquito-bourne virus that's spreading without a cure 鈥�

The Downstream Effects of Fixing a Racist Lung Test 鈥�

Racism, other social factors may affect Asian Americans鈥� heart health 鈥嬧�嬧��

鈥嬧�婽he human cost of ghost networks 鈥�

Surrogates face higher risk of pregnancy complications, study finds 鈥�

Why climate change means more blood shortages: Q&A with HHS鈥� Rachel Levine 鈥�

The Secret to Getting Men to Wear Hearing Aids 鈥� Issue No. 2785
Global Health NOW is an initiative of Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.

Contributors include Brian W. Simpson, MPH, Dayna Kerecman Myers, Annalies Winny, Morgan Coulson, Kate Belz, Melissa Hartman, Jackie Powder, Aliza Rosen, and Rin Swann. Write us: dkerecm1@jhu.edu, like us on and follow us on Instagram and X .

Please send the Global Health NOW free sign-up link to friends and colleagues:

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  Copyright 2024 Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. All Rights Reserved. Views and opinions expressed in Global Health NOW do not necessarily reflect those of the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health or Johns Hopkins University.


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96 Global Health NOW: The Toll of Traumatic Injuries in Gaza; Strengthening Systems to Ready for a Pandemic Agreement; and Intelligent Infrastructure September 23, 2024 The Toll of Traumatic Injuries in Gaza
Life-changing injuries to people in Gaza are being severely undertreated, 鈥攍eaving them vulnerable to further physical and mental deterioration as the war there continues. 

A found that ~22,500 people are likely to have 鈥渁cute and ongoing rehabilitation needs鈥� that include extremity injuries, amputations, spinal cord injuries, and burns.

• But rehabilitation services 鈥渄o not come close to meeting the enormous surge in needs,鈥� the report found.


• Meanwhile, MSF estimates ~4,000 people in Gaza need reconstructive surgery. The organization has been able to treat only a fraction of those people in its specialized hospital in Amman. 

And yet: ~60% of requests for medical evacuations from Gaza are turned down, per the WHO鈥攊ncluding requests to evacuate wounded children. 

Adolescents are especially vulnerable to the 鈥渁cute stress鈥� from injuries they have suffered and will require long-term psychotherapy.

• 鈥淭his is a huge, tormenting catastrophe, and psychologically their minds are unable to bear all of this stress,鈥� said Ahmad Mahmoud Al Salem, an MSF psychiatrist in Amman. 

Related: 

鈥楩ear of war鈥� causing speech problems in Gaza 鈥�

UN to add nutrients to second round of Gaza polio vaccinations 鈥� GLOBAL HEALTH VOICES The Latest One-Liners   Whooping cough is surging in the U.S., which has reported over 4X as many cases compared with last year; unvaccinated teens and tweens are driving the surge in many states.

A second Missouri health worker who had contact with a hospitalized avian flu patient developed 鈥渕ild respiratory symptoms鈥� but was not tested for the virus, U.S. officials have reported.

U.S. trade regulators have sued the three largest pharmacy benefit managers for allegedly engaging in 鈥渁nticompetitive practices鈥� that boosted profits while inflating the list price of insulin.

A nasal spray flu vaccine will be available for home use starting next fall after the FDA expanded its approval of AstraZeneca鈥檚 FluMist; it will be the first flu vaccine that doesn't need to be administered by a health provider and will be sold direct to consumers. GHN EXCLUSIVE COMMENTARY A woman enters a pharmacy damaged in a Russian drone attack in Kharkiv, Ukraine, on January 31. Ivan Samoilov / Gwara Media / Global Images Ukraine via Getty Pandemic Agreement May Happen Eventually ... But Is the World Ready?    After the latest round of pandemic accord discussions wrapped up last week, 鈥攊ncluding in research and development, regulatory systems strengthening, and pandemic prevention and technology. Discussions will resume in November.
 
But countries don鈥檛 need to wait until WHO member states reach consensus to begin the essential, though perhaps less exciting, behind-the-scenes system-strengthening work to prepare for the accord鈥檚 implementation, .
 
He offers three ways that global health professionals and donors can help strengthen LMIC pharmaceutical systems now:

• Ensure adequate financing of national medicines regulatory authorities (NMRAs) tasked with ensuring new product safety.


• Strengthen pharmaceutical supply chains with an eye to long-term resilience.
  
  Example: Ukraine鈥檚 supply chain program for HIV and TB drugs that uses a network of local, private-sector logistics providers has been twice repurposed: for vaccine delivery during COVID, and again to move emergency medical supplies during the invasion.


• Establish pharmacovigilance to ensure newly introduced products remain safe.
  
  Example: A few years ago, Bangladesh鈥檚 NMRA established a web-based surveillance system to monitor the safety of a novel TB treatment, which is now used to monitor adverse reactions for all medical products.

GLOBAL HEALTH VOICES COVID-19: ORIGINS A Closer Look at Wuhan Market鈥檚 Wildlife 
Newly published research explores the possibility that wild animals brought to the Wuhan market were at the 鈥渆picenter鈥� of the COVID-19 pandemic. 

The , published last week in Cell, traces 鈥渨ith unprecedented granularity鈥� how SARS-CoV-2 was present at a specific part of the market where wildlife鈥攊ncluding raccoon dogs, palm civets, Himalayan marmots, and other creatures鈥攚ere kept and sold.

The genetic data used for the analysis were drawn from swabs taken at the market by Chinese scientists on Jan. 1 and Jan. 12, 2020, as the market was shut down. 

Ongoing controversy: Critics say the analysis depends on flawed and biased data, as 鈥淐hinese scientists were preferentially collecting data鈥� from areas where live animals were sold. 

ROAD SAFETY Intelligent Infrastructure
In the global quest to reduce traffic deaths, safety advocates are increasingly looking beyond driver behavior鈥攚ith more focus on cars and roads. 

Reactive roadways: One big-picture tool getting more attention is wireless technology known as 鈥渧ehicle to everything,鈥� or V2X, which allows vehicles to transmit information about speed, road conditions, and emergencies鈥攑rompting traffic signals to adapt accordingly to improve safety and flow.

• The goal: 鈥淓xtending a car鈥檚 perception 鈥� through communication with traffic infrastructure and other vehicles.鈥�

The challenge: Implementing the tech requires a 鈥渟ubstantial鈥� number of cars and infrastructure to be equipped with V2X for it to work effectively. 



Related:

14 children injured in accidents every day going to or from school 鈥�

California鈥檚 Anti-Speeding Bill Can Be a Traffic Safety Breakthrough 鈥� OPPORTUNITY QUICK HITS Jordan becomes first country to receive WHO verification for eliminating leprosy 鈥�

Nigeria's frontliners are learning fast to get ahead of mpox 鈥�

Why Big Tobacco is betting on Trump 鈥�

Doctors Said These Women鈥檚 Mutated Genes Wouldn鈥檛 Harm Them 鈥�

Tackling period poverty in Lebanon鈥檚 refugee camps 鈥�

Could an Old Drug Protect Against a New Pandemic? 鈥�

Scientists are building giant 鈥榚vidence banks鈥� to create policies that actually work 鈥�

Time for a noodle tax?: Doctor who sounded alarm on ultra-processed food urges tougher action 鈥�

Long-overlooked scientist shares Lasker Award with other GLP-1 researchers 鈥� Issue No. 2784
Global Health NOW is an initiative of Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.

Contributors include Brian W. Simpson, MPH, Dayna Kerecman Myers, Annalies Winny, Morgan Coulson, Kate Belz, Melissa Hartman, Jackie Powder, Aliza Rosen, and Rin Swann. Write us: dkerecm1@jhu.edu, like us on and follow us on Instagram and X .

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At least one in seven youngsters has a mental disorder. That鈥檚 the warning from the UN World Health Organization (WHO), which has appealed for much greater investment to help almost 1.3 billion teenagers globally.

The UN Children鈥檚 Fund, UNICEF, issued an urgent appeal on Friday for nearly $59 million to support efforts to halt the rapid spread of mpox in six African countries including Burundi, where youngsters have been impacted the most.

96 Global Health NOW: The Sharp Bite of Inequity; Anesthesia Without Capnography: 鈥楲ike Flying Blind鈥�; and Drunk Worms and Pigeon-Led Weapons September 19, 2024 A man extracts venom from a poisonous snake at Queen Saovbha Memorial Institute, in Bangkok, on February 17, 2022. Matt Hunt/SOPA Images/LightRocket via Getty The Sharp Bite of Inequity
Each year, ~5.4 million people worldwide are bitten by snakes鈥攌illing ~80,000, and leaving ~240,000 people with long-term or permanent disabilities, , recognizing today as International Snakebite Awareness Day.
 
The poorest and most isolated are particularly at risk: Most snakebites occur in rural areas of Asia, Africa, and Latin America, where antivenoms are scarce, .
 
Gross inequities: MSF鈥檚 Matthieu Chevallier of the gross inequities at play鈥攆rom the likelihood of encountering a venomous snake and being bitten to having protection like basic shoes and adequate shelter. There鈥檚 also the question of access to treatment.
 
鈥淎s soon as you are bitten, the clock starts ticking,鈥� he writes. Fast care is crucial鈥攂ut in places like northeastern , it takes ~12 hours to get to a clinic. And even if a victim makes it there, many facilities don鈥檛 have treatments available. In Kenya, Uganda, and Zambia less than a third of the facilities had antivenom on hand.
 
The details an ambitious plan to tackle the problem鈥攂ut it is still grossly underfunded. Support from the , one of the few funding sources, is set to end soon and no new donors have stepped up.
 
Why the funding shortage? For one thing, snakebite is not a health security threat for donor countries; there鈥檚 no risk of cross-border contamination. GLOBAL HEALTH VOICES The Latest One-Liners   The U.S. health system ranked dead last among 10 peer nations, 鈥攄espite the fact that Americans pay nearly double the amount that people in other nations pay.
 
Humor can be an effective way to reach people who would otherwise avoid life-saving information about colorectal cancer screening or other health messaging, .

The only two manufacturers still producing formula for premature infants are threatening to leave the market amid hundreds of lawsuits over safety labeling; the companies are being sued by families whose infants got sick or died after being given one of the formulas involved in a U.S. recall two and a half years ago.
 
The Los Angeles area is seeing more cases of dengue fever in people who haven鈥檛 left the U.S. mainland; public health officials said at least three people apparently became ill with dengue this month after being bitten by mosquitoes. GHN EXCLUSIVE A capnograph surgical monitoring device in a facility in Uganda. Muhwezi Davis, courtesy of SmileTrain / Lifebox. Anesthesia Without Capnography: 鈥楲ike Flying Blind鈥�   鈥淭he color of her blood darkened. That鈥檚 how I knew that my patient was starved of oxygen,鈥� , recounting a harrowing incident when she was an anesthesia resident in Kenya, back in 2001, and the surgical team had trouble intubating the patient.
 
A simple device could have helped: Had the operating room been equipped with a capnograph鈥攁 noninvasive device that monitors how adequately a patient is breathing鈥攊t would have been clear immediately that the intubation tube wasn鈥檛 placed correctly. Administering anesthesia without it, says Gathuya, is 鈥渓ike flying blind.鈥�

• Capnography has been widely used in operating rooms in high-income countries for over 30 years; it helped lower anesthesia-related complications and deaths dramatically after it was introduced in the U.S. in 1991.


• However, most operating rooms in Kenya still do not have a capnograph; in many low-income countries, the device is not available at all.

How to close the gap: The WHO must answer the call to include capnography as essential monitoring in anesthesia guidelines鈥攁s detailed in a by global health organizations at the , which closes today in South Africa. GLOBAL HEALTH VOICES VACCINES Vaccine Catch Up in North Korea 
After a four-year lapse in routine vaccinations, a major catch-up campaign is underway in North Korea to protect against measles, rubella, tetanus, diphtheria, tuberculosis, hepatitis B, and polio.

The country鈥檚 low vaccine coverage rate leaves kids vulnerable to severe illness and death from disease. It also greatly increases the risk of vaccine-preventable disease outbreaks.

• By the numbers: 7,200 UNICEF-trained health workers will administer vaccines to 800,000 children and 120,000 pregnant women.

UNICEF is also sending fridges and freezers to local health centers to store ~2 million additional doses for continued routine vaccinations.

ALMOST FRIDAY DIVERSION Drunk Worms and Pigeon-Led Weapons: The Iggys Are Back!
Only one scientific awards ceremony feels like 鈥渁 mixture between Monty Python and The Muppet Show鈥�: .

The annual gala鈥攁lso known as 鈥淭he Iggys鈥濃�� aims to spur interest in science by making 鈥減eople laugh, then think,鈥� . While winners鈥� contributions are unusual, they are 鈥渘ot to be laughed at鈥�or, not to be exclusively laughed at,鈥� explained organizer Karen Hopkin. 

Among this year鈥檚 laureates, :

• A Japanese team that discovered many mammals can breathe through their anuses.

• A Dutch-French team that used chromatography to separate drunk and sober worms. 

• American psychologist B.F Skinner, posthumously awarded for attempting to use pigeons to guide missile flight paths. 

The prizes: Actual Nobel laureates presented winners with a range of trophies, including an 鈥渙bsolete Zimbabwean ten trillion-dollar bill,鈥� . QUICK HITS A gold mining town in Congo has become an mpox hot spot as a new strain spreads 鈥� 

From dodgy deterrence deals to drug cartels: Aid barriers in the Dari茅n 鈥� 

Bulletproofing America鈥檚 Classrooms 鈥� 

MomConnect turns 10: Why the state could soon send flood and heatwave warnings to pregnant women 鈥� 

Today is the first Disabled Women鈥檚 Equal Pay Day 鈥� 

Q&A: Former NIH director Francis Collins on a Trump administration, science, and God 鈥� 

How do you help young Afghan refugees heal? A new program in Maine offers a way 鈥� Issue No. 2783
Global Health NOW is an initiative of Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.

Contributors include Brian W. Simpson, MPH, Dayna Kerecman Myers, Annalies Winny, Morgan Coulson, Kate Belz, Melissa Hartman, Jackie Powder, Aliza Rosen, and Rin Swann. Write us: dkerecm1@jhu.edu, like us on and follow us on Instagram and X .

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The report details how this debt crisis is jeopardising progress aimed at ending AIDS in Sub-Saharan African countries, which account for a significant majority of people living with HIV globally 鈥� 25.9 million people of the nearly 40 million total.

96 Global Health NOW: The Purdue Playbook鈥檚 International Influence; Hope Amid South Africa鈥檚 Heroin Epidemic; and Risk Reduction Starts at Home September 18, 2024 The Purdue Playbook鈥檚 International Influence
While Purdue Pharma is bankrupt and facing a torrent of litigation in the U.S., its global counterparts are still profiting in the hundreds of millions from opioid sales, a joint investigation by a collaboration of journalistic publications in eight countries has found, . 

Overview: The multinational company Mundipharma made $531 million in profits from nine of its companies in Europe and Australia between 2020 and 2022 alone.

• Among the beneficiaries: The Sackler family, which owns Mundipharma鈥攁nd which faces ongoing litigation over Purdue鈥檚 alleged role in the U.S. opioid crisis.

Old playbook: The investigation found that the company has adapted its old tactics used in the U.S. to persuade international doctors to prescribe painkillers, .

• In Germany: Mundipharma sponsored a patients group that encourages opioid use.


• In Brazil: The company paid doctors to hold classes on treating pain.


• In China: An internal company investigation raised concerns that scientific advisory boards were promoting products.


• In Italy: Prosecutors have accused Mundipharma managers of paying kickbacks to doctors. 

The Quote: 鈥淲e are entering into the same situation in Europe as in the United States 15 years ago,鈥� said Andrea Burden at ETH Zurich university. GLOBAL HEALTH VOICES The Latest One-Liners   Cancer cases are rising and affecting people at younger ages in the U.S., but survivorship is also up: Death rates fell by a third between 1991 and 2021, per a new .

The XEC COVID variant is quickly gaining traction and could become the dominant subvariant over the winter months, scientists project.

Trachomatous trichiasis鈥攁 condition where inward-turned eyelashes scratch the front of the eye and potentially cause blindness鈥攃an successfully be treated by two common types of eyelid surgery, a published in PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases has found.

Moderate caffeine consumption was found to be associated with a lower risk of developing cardiometabolic multimorbidity (the coexistence of at least two cardiometabolic diseases), per a new published in the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. OPIOID CRISIS Hope Amid South Africa鈥檚 Heroin Epidemic
Heroin usage has exploded across South Africa, with ~400,000 using the drug every day.

• Between 2011 and 2020, the rate of opioid-related disorders rose by 12% a year, found. 

Seeking new solutions: In Pretoria, a locally focused methadone and social support program is showing promise.

• Instead of a rehab model, the (COSUP) offers drop-in centers, where people who use heroin can access methadone and counseling. 

Gaining traction: Since its launch in 2016, COSUP has administered methadone to 2,400 people, and 70% of patients who started treatment at the centers were still coming for doses six months later.

GLOBAL HEALTH VOICES WILDFIRES Risk Reduction Starts at Home  
Wildfire risk reduction often focuses on forests鈥攂ut houses are sources of fuel for fires, too, and better building practices could lower risk.

• Older homes with wooden roofs, decks, or framing are more likely to catch fire and ignite surrounding houses.

What could help: Implementing new building codes for wildfire-prone areas and adapting older homes and neighborhoods. But retrofitting efforts face a lack of funding and policy support.

• New homes built after 2008 in California were 40% less likely to burn down.


• Currently, California, Nevada, and Utah are the only states with mandatory wildfire risk building codes.

OPPORTUNITY QUICK HITS This preventive drug could be a 'game changer' in ending the HIV epidemic 鈥�

The United States Isn't Ready for a Bird Flu Epidemic 鈥�

Evidence growing for COVID antivirals to cut poor outcomes, long COVID, experts say 鈥�

Chronic Illness and Quality of Life 5 Years After Displacement Among Rohingya Refugees in Bangladesh 鈥�

Second vote, same result: Senate Republicans block IVF protection bill 鈥�

FIFA teams up with WHO on global concussion campaign 鈥�

Should young kids take the new anti-obesity drugs? What the research says 鈥�

鈥業mmortal鈥� creatures may reveal clues to contagious cancers 鈥� Issue No. 2782
Global Health NOW is an initiative of Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.

Contributors include Brian W. Simpson, MPH, Dayna Kerecman Myers, Annalies Winny, Morgan Coulson, Kate Belz, Melissa Hartman, Jackie Powder, Aliza Rosen, and Rin Swann. Write us: dkerecm1@jhu.edu, like us on and follow us on Instagram and X .

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96 Join HHS Asst. Secretary Micky Tripathi at a Hopkins-Harvard Event: AI in D.C. September 17, 2024 You鈥檙e Invited: Making AI a Lifesaver / A Hopkins-Harvard Event in D.C.
Please join U.S. Health and Human Services Assistant Secretary Micky Tripathi and other experts for a thought-provoking discussion about creating the best possible artificial intelligence for public health.    You鈥檙e invited on October 8 to an evening of insights, conversation, and refreshments at the new Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg Center in Washington, D.C., sponsored by Hopkins Bloomberg Public Health magazine, Global Health NOW, and Harvard Public Health.     
Policy, research, and private sector experts will explore AI鈥檚 astonishing potential to transform how we confront public health challenges鈥攁nd its technical, ethical, and privacy risks.  

• Micky Tripathi, assistant secretary for Technology Policy; national coordinator for Health Information Technology; and acting chief artificial intelligence officer, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.

• Jesse M.鈥疎hrenfeld, immediate past president, American Medical Association. 

• Elizabeth Stuart, PhD, Frank Hurley and Catharine Dorrier Professor and Chair, Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. 

• John Auerbach, senior vice president, ICF; and former commissioner, Massachusetts Department of Public Health.  

• Moderator: Alison Snyder, managing editor, Axios.

Hopkins Bloomberg Public Health magazine, Global Health NOW, and Harvard Public Health invite you to an evening of enlightening discussion, networking, and refreshments at the new Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg Center in Washington, D.C. 
Details:  Tuesday, October 8 

• 6鈥�7 p.m.: Networking reception  
• 7鈥�8 p.m.: Panel and Q&A 
• 8鈥�8:30 p.m.: Dessert 

Hopkins Bloomberg Center  555 Pennsylvania Avenue NW  Washington, D.C.  * Attendees must register separately.    More information: Contact Executive Editor Brian W. Simpson  
Global Health NOW is an initiative of Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.

Contributors include Brian W. Simpson, MPH, Dayna Kerecman Myers, Annalies Winny, Morgan Coulson, Kate Belz, Melissa Hartman, Jackie Powder, Aliza Rosen, and Rin Swann. Write us: dkerecm1@jhu.edu, like us on and follow us on Instagram and X .

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96 Global Health NOW: Early Warning Systems Vital for Kenya; Immunizations Halted in Afghanistan; and Looking to Soccer to Solve Scientist Compensation September 17, 2024 GHN EXCLUSIVE REPORT Children at Nduru camp are often left alone during the day as their parents look for food. Nduru camp, Kisimu City, Kenya. August 16, 2024. Scovian Lillian Early Warning Systems Vital for Climate Risk Preparedness in Kenya  
KISIMU CITY, Kenya鈥擬onths after last April鈥檚 floods, clusters of white tarp shelters, crammed onto an acre of land in southwestern Kenya, still house ~1,000 families displaced by the disaster.

• The floods left a trail of death, displacement, and disease across large swaths of the country, .


• Flooding destroyed latrines and created poor water and sanitation conditions that fueled the spread of infectious diseases; Tana River County alone .

Could a stronger early warning system have saved lives? last May identified a significant gap in the integration of environmental factors into Kenya鈥檚 EWS and disease surveillance systems.

• Including early warning weather indicators, especially during flooding, would allow authorities to better anticipate outbreaks of waterborne diseases like cholera and vector-borne diseases like malaria following disasters, the authors say.

More EWS-strengthening recommendations:

• Shore up labs, equipment, health information systems, and networks.


• Train local health workers to detect early signs of health crises caused by flooding and respond swiftly鈥攅.g., by preemptively distributing cholera kits, mosquito nets, and other resources to reduce the impact of potential outbreaks.

Ed. Note: Scovian Lillian is an independent journalist focused on science and health in Nairobi, Kenya. This article is part of , made possible through the generous support of loyal GHN readers. DATA POINT The Latest One-Liners   Climate change will intensify the child malnutrition crisis, ; between now and 2050, 40 million more children will have stunted growth and 28 million more will suffer from wasting as a result of climate change.
 
Critical gender gaps persist in all 17 of the Sustainable Development Goals, that says governments are missing out on massive economic gains by failing to invest in women and girls; e.g., the global cost of inadequately educating young people exceeds $10 trillion a year.
 
UC Santa Barbara researchers mapped the changes to a woman鈥檚 brain during pregnancy and post-partum, finding major changes including reductions in gray matter (not necessarily bad); the study kicks off a larger project the researchers hope could yield important clues about post-partum depression.

There is evidence of human exposure to at least 3,600 chemicals that leach into food in the manufacturing, processing, packaging, and storage of food supply, 鈥攖he first to systematically link the chemicals used in materials to package and process foods to human exposure. VACCINES Immunizations Halted in Afghanistan
The Taliban have suspended polio vaccination campaigns in Afghanistan鈥攁 devastating setback that could undo years of progress toward polio eradication, UN officials said Monday. The move comes at a time when groups of unvaccinated children have been exposed to an outbreak.

• Afghanistan and Pakistan are currently the only countries in which the paralyzing has never been eliminated.


• The WHO confirmed 18 polio cases in Afghanistan this year鈥攗p from six in 2023.

A WHO official said discussions are underway to start vaccinating in locations like mosques鈥攁lthough the mosque-to-mosque approach as house-to-house campaigns.

The Taliban鈥檚 decision will likely have major repercussions for neighboring countries. In August, the WHO warned that setbacks in Afghanistan pose a risk to Pakistan鈥檚 program, due to high population movement.



Related: 

Two killed in attack on Pakistani polio vaccination team 鈥�

Taliban begins enforcing new draconian laws, and Afghan women despair 鈥� GLOBAL HEALTH VOICES PANDEMIC PREPAREDNESS Looking to Soccer to Solve Scientist Compensation
As the Paris Peace Forum began rethinking pandemic preparedness, it hit on a glaring disparity: 

Scientists in South Africa and Botswana who first identified the omicron variant of COVID-19 ended up 鈥渓ast in line鈥� to obtain the medical tools that resulted from their research. 

To fix that, the Forum suggests looking to an unlikely model: FIFA.

• The international soccer federation has a benefit-sharing plan that 鈥渞ewards grassroots contributions and redistributes benefits, promoting a fair balance of interests across diverse economic contexts,鈥� a of the model鈥檚 potential explains. 

A global health equivalent: The Forum suggests creating a 鈥渃entralized clearinghouse鈥� used to incentivize data sharing and reward scientists for their contributions.

QUICK HITS For people with opioid addiction, Medicaid overhaul comes with risks 鈥� Thanks for the tip, Dave Cundiff!

Abortion bans have delayed emergency medical care. In Georgia, experts say this mother's death was preventable 鈥�

The plan to give WHO's snake venom strategy more bite 鈥�

Arizona cracked down on Medicaid fraud that targeted Native Americans. It left patients without care. 鈥�

Mpox and breastmilk: for once, can we act in time? 鈥�

Why global health organizations are hiring chief AI officers 鈥� Issue No. 2781
Global Health NOW is an initiative of Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.

Contributors include Brian W. Simpson, MPH, Dayna Kerecman Myers, Annalies Winny, Morgan Coulson, Kate Belz, Melissa Hartman, Jackie Powder, Aliza Rosen, and Rin Swann. Write us: dkerecm1@jhu.edu, like us on and follow us on Instagram and X .

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96 Global Health NOW: Missouri H5N1: More Questions Than Answers; Compounding Crisis in the Dari茅n Gap; and The (Gorilla) Doctor Is In September 16, 2024 University of Massachusetts Boston assistant professor Nichola Hill, who studies infectious diseases, including bird flu, on May 7, in Boston. Suzanne Kreiter/The Boston Globe via Getty Missouri H5N1: More Questions Than Answers
The source of a human H5 avian flu case in Missouri is still unknown鈥攖hough initial genetic testing suggests it's related to the strain of virus currently affecting dairy cattle in the U.S., CDC officials have said, . 

• The investigation has shown no evidence of human-to-human spread and no link to raw dairy products. So far, there has been no unusual rise in Missouri鈥檚 flu activity.


• But: The CDC Friday that a household contact of the H5-positive Missouri patient also became ill on the same day鈥攖hough the second person was not tested, and the cause of the illness is unknown, . 

More coordination needed: Meanwhile, a WHO official said the situation in the U.S. points to a need for better collaboration between the agricultural sector and public health organizations to establish 鈥渁 complete picture,鈥� .

• A lack of universal testing of dairy farms means scientists still don鈥檛 know the true scope of the spread, .

Among animals: California reported two more H5N1 outbreaks in dairy cows. Since March, the USDA has confirmed H5N1 in 203 herds across 14 states. GLOBAL HEALTH VOICES EDITOR'S NOTE Beyond Back-to-School   GHN is a great tool for students and professors鈥攂ut the career-boosting benefits last long after graduation. Our community of 50,000+ readers from 170+ countries includes many 鈥渓ifelong learners鈥� fascinated by global health.
 
If you鈥檙e one of them, the best way you can show your support is by sharing our . Let colleagues and friends know that GHN can help them:

• Keep up with essential global health news.


• Learn from global health leaders around the world and get ideas for advancing global health causes.


• Network and learn about career-advancing opportunities.

We love hearing from you, too! Let me know what topics you think deserve more attention. Thanks for sharing! 鈥�Dayna The Latest One-Liners   A Nipah virus death in Kerala, India, is the region鈥檚 second reported since July; five other people have developed primary symptoms of the virus, and 151 contacts are being monitored.

A wild poliovirus case has been detected in Pakistan, and 15 additional positive environmental samples were reported in the country鈥攕uggesting 鈥渨idespread circulation鈥� of the virus and that Pakistan is 鈥渘ot on track鈥� to interrupt transmission.

The WHO prequalified its , MVA-BN, and established an 鈥渁ccess and allocation mechanism鈥� to ensure that countermeasures including vaccines, treatments, and tests are distributed 鈥渆ffectively and equitably.鈥�

An Austrian court has found a 54-year-old woman guilty of grossly negligent homicide after infecting her neighbor with a fatal case of COVID-19. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH Compounding Crisis in the Dari茅n Gap
The dense rainforest of the Dari茅n Gap has long been considered inaccessible, shielding Indigenous communities and the region鈥檚 rich biodiversity from outside impact. 

But the surge of migration through the region over the last five years has brought unprecedented pollution to the rainforest鈥攖hreatening the local ecosystem and the health of people who depend on it, community leaders say.

• 鈥淪uddenly we found ourselves flooded with trash. It鈥檚 worrying because we depend on our local ecosystem for everything. It鈥檚 our source of life,鈥� said Yenairo Aji, a community leader in the village of Nueva Vig铆a. 

Not just trash: Critical waterways have become contaminated with human waste and gasoline鈥攚hich could take decades to remediate.  

GLOBAL HEALTH VOICES CLIMATE Trees as Treatment   
Planting trees in urban areas has known climate benefits: cooling, pollution control, and stormwater absorption. 

But what does it do for human health? 

University of Louisville researchers are starting to answer that question, with the recently released 鈥斺�渁 clinical trial where trees are the medicine.鈥�

• Researchers followed 700+ residents across a four-square-mile area where ~8,000 trees and shrubs were planted. 


• Residents of greened neighborhoods had 13%鈥�20% lower levels of a blood marker of general inflammation compared to residents of neighborhoods without new greenery.

Up next: This fall, researchers will plant a 鈥渕icroforest鈥� downtown that will serve as a field site to investigate a variety of health and environmental metrics.

PHARMACEUTICALS The (Gorilla) Doctor Is In   
Plants consumed by 鈥渟elf-medicating鈥� gorillas in Gabon have antibacterial and antioxidant properties and may yield promising clues to developing new drugs,. 

• The researchers focused on four trees consumed by western lowland gorillas that local healers highlighted for potential medicinal benefits. 


• All four trees showed antibacterial activity against E. coli strains, as well as high levels of antioxidants. 

Biodiversity lessons: The research demonstrates how scientists might learn from these critically endangered gorillas as well as other under-studied animals and plants in Central Africa鈥檚 richly diverse, little-explored forests.
 
QUICK HITS Nurses working in fear: BBC visits mpox epicentre 鈥�  

Breaking the conformity of global health 鈥�

1 in 7 moms in SA are teens. We dive into the numbers 鈥�

New Report Highlights U.S. 2022 Gun-Related Deaths: Firearms Remain Leading Cause of Death for Children and Teens, and Disproportionately Affect People of Color 鈥�

She Ate a Poppy Seed Salad Just Before Giving Birth. Then They Took Her Baby Away. 鈥� Thanks for the tip, Cecilia Meisner!

Gas stoves may soon come with a tobacco-style health warning label in California 鈥�

HHS updates rules for probing research misconduct 鈥�

New Version of Reth茅 Project to Promote African Scientific Writing 鈥�

Barcelona children find safety in numbers as they bike to school in herds 鈥� Issue No. 2780
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Overcrowded shelters in Gaza, a lack of running water and the constant threat of disease are making conditions worse by the day for people in the enclave, the UN agency for Palestine refugees, UNRWA, warned on Monday.

The civil war in Sudan has brought to country鈥檚 health system to its knees. UN mobile health teams are attempting to plug the gaps, crossing conflict zones to help pregnant women to give birth in safety.