Nail discolouration聽can signal disease. Abnormally white fingernails may be due to anemia or kidney problems, deep blue nail beds signal pulmonary obstruction or emphysema, and yellow nails, while often a result of tobacco staining, may suggest liver problems, diabetes, respiratory disorders, problems with the lymphatic system, renal disease, syphilis, cancer or exposure to toxins. Thick nails may indicate that blood is not circulating properly and spoon-shaped nails (a condition called koilonychias from the Greek 鈥榢oilo鈥� for spoon) may result from vitamin B12 deficiency, which, along with thyroid problems, impaired kidneys and problems with circulation, can also make nails brittle. Very 鈥榖endable鈥� nails may be a sign of rheumatoid arthritis. There are many other signs and symptoms of disease that crop up in nails, but nails reveal information beyond clues about current health and general grooming practices; if a person has suffered from a serious disease or a physical or emotional trauma, evidence may show up in their nails. Considering the relatively small amount of tissue implicated, nail growth requires a lot of metabolic energy. Because of this, the nail-production system is very sensitive to happenings in other bodily systems. Thus, serious illness and physical or emotional trauma can hinder or even fully arrest nail growth, resulting in horizontal ridges in the nail (called Beau鈥檚 lines) marking the period of disease. Beau鈥檚 lines become visible as the nail grows out, and the approximate timing of the illness/trauma that caused the lines may be calculated from their 鈥榟eight鈥� in the nail: it can take three to six months to grow a fingernail and a year to a year and a half to grow a toenail, so a Beau鈥檚 line half-way up the nail indicates a trauma or disease that occurred a few months before.
Since nails can be an important source of health information, it is important to take good care of them (not to mention that there鈥檚 nothing more elegant than a well-manicured hand). To help in keeping nails in tip-top health- reporting shape, note the following dos and don鈥檛s, facts and myths: It is not true that eating gelatin will make nails grow faster or stronger; even though nails may show signs of vitamin/nutrient deficiency, nothing beyond a healthy, balanced diet can positively influence nail health. It is true that nails are about 100 times more permeable to water than the outer layer of skin, so that nails swell whenever wet and shrink again as they dry. Too much swelling- shrinking due to moisture can weaken nails, so use rubber gloves to keep hands dry whenever cleaning or doing dishes, and moisturize nails and cuticles regularly. Nail polish and nail polish remover should be used sparingly. Nail polish can dry out nails or keep them from 鈥榖reathing,鈥� and polish removers can be extremely drying to nails and may contain formaldehyde resin 鈥� an allergen definitely to be avoided.
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