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The current mpox outbreak 鈥渃an be controlled and can be stopped鈥�, the head of the World Health Organization (WHO) emphasized on Friday, announcing an action plan that calls for $135 million over the next six months.  

96 Global Health NOW: Don鈥檛 Catch Covid鈥檚 Summer Wave; Marketing Tactic Banned in the West Boosts Cigarette Sales in China; and Eau鈥攐r Ew?鈥攄e Parfum August 22, 2024 A masked commuter is seen on the metro in Washington, D.C., on May 25. Rosem Morton for The Washington Post via Getty Don鈥檛 Catch Covid鈥檚 Summer Wave
A summer of surging COVID-19 cases in the U.S. and other countries delivers yet another reminder that the restless, ever-evolving SARS-CoV-2 virus is far from done. The latest wave is also refocusing attention on vaccine options.
 
How bad is the current spike?

• Most countries are no longer regularly reporting cases, but wastewater testing in the U.S. shows that levels a couple weeks ago haven鈥檛 been seen since January 13, . Other countries report similar findings from wastewater.

• The percentage of positive PCR tests in the U.K. peaked in July with levels that matched October 2023鈥檚.

Coming soon: The U.S. FDA is expected to approve a new vaccine as early as today, .

• The new Pfizer and Moderna shots should roll out within days of the approval.

• The jabs target the KP.2 strain, which emerged from the highly contagious JN.1 variant.

But: A new variant, KP.3.1.1, has eclipsed KP.2 and JN.1 and accounts for 31%鈥�43% of COVID-19 clinical specimens, .

• While it鈥檚 not known how effective the new vaxes will be against KP.3.1.1, they are expected to protect against severe illness, per NBC.

Related:

Impact of COVID-19 on Healthy Life Expectancy of Older Adults in the Region of the Americas 鈥�  

Researchers find increased mental illnesses incidence following severe COVID-19, especially in unvaccinated people 鈥�

Why COVID Surges in the Summer 鈥�

In kids, long-COVID symptoms differ by age-group, find scientists who built research index 鈥� GLOBAL HEALTH VOICES The Latest One-Liners   Female doctors have a 76% higher suicide risk than the general population, according to an analysis of 39 studies from 20 countries that found no overall increase among male physicians compared with the general public.
 
2X the recommended limit of flouride is linked with lower IQs in children, according to a new U.S. government analysis of previously published research; it鈥檚 the first time a federal agency has acknowledged potential neurological risks from high fluoride levels.
 
Expanding routine treatment of infants in sub-Saharan Africa with azithromycin to all children up to age 5鈥攏ot just babies under 11 months, as the WHO currently recommends鈥攊s necessary to maximize the potential of the treatment, which could cut child mortality by 14%, new shows.
 
Nearly 60% of U.S. baby food does not meet WHO standards set for Europe, according to a new study of the nutritional content of 651 commercial food products marketed for children between 6 months and 3 years in American stores. BIG TOBACCO Marketing Tactic Banned in the West Boosts Cigarette Sales in China
In the 1960s, U.S. tobacco companies told smokers that 鈥渓ow tar鈥� cigarettes were safer than traditional cigarettes. In fact, science eventually showed, they weren鈥檛.

• In 2003, the WHO鈥檚 Framework Convention on Tobacco Control banned deceptive marketing terms like 鈥渓ow tar鈥� and outlawed most tobacco advertising.

But China Tobacco鈥攑roducing low-tar cigarettes and serving as the tobacco policy regulator for the country鈥攈as found ways around the rules. 

• And its 鈥榣ow tar鈥�-heavy strategy is working: Cigarette sales in China increased 50% from 2016 to 2022.

GLOBAL HEALTH VOICES PHARMACEUTICALS Demand for ADHD Meds
After two years of increased demand for ADHD medications like Adderall, some drugs have finally been removed from shortage lists. Yet the struggle to refill medications continues鈥攅specially as the new school year begins.

• From 2020 to 2021, demand for ADHD medications increased 20%. 


• Adderall prescriptions rose during the pandemic due to increased ADHD diagnoses from telehealth visits.

A problem for patients: Many pharmacies are still out of these medications. Even so, patients cannot move prescriptions between pharmacies because these drugs are controlled substances. 

THURSDAY DIVERSION Eau鈥攐r Ew?鈥攄e Parfum 
Every successful athlete has to have some 鈥渟pecial sauce鈥� that makes them stand out. 

For Tennessee Titans quarterback Will Levis, there鈥檚 a literal sauce: Mayonnaise. 

Levis relishes mayo so much that he鈥檚 spreading the love, concocting a new signature fragrance with the Hellmann鈥檚 brand that is based on the condiment. 

Aioli advocate: While at the University of Kentucky, Levis went viral for a in which he doctored his coffee with a generous dollop of his favorite condiment鈥攁 gambit that earned him a lifetime supply of Hellmann鈥檚.

A new emulsification: The perfume, dubbed 鈥淲ill Levis No. 8鈥� (Levis鈥� jersey number), combines hints of tart lemon, coffee, musk, vanilla鈥攑lus a mysterious ingredient the company describes as 鈥渕ayonnaise accord.鈥�

• In the product鈥檚 moody , Levis runs through the mist, watches a thunderstorm, and devours a mayo-coated slice of bread while whispering: 鈥淟uscious鈥�Eggy鈥�Smell like greatness.鈥�

QUICK HITS

Yes there is famine in Sudan. So why isn't 'famine' being declared? 鈥�

Border closures and intensifying conflict worsen Myanmar鈥檚 healthcare crisis 鈥�

A California Medical Group Treats Only Homeless Patients 鈥� And Makes Money Doing It 鈥� 

It鈥檚 not just IUDs. Gynecologists and patients are focused on making procedures less painful 鈥�

Microplastics are infiltrating brain tissue, studies show: 鈥楾here鈥檚 nowhere left untouched鈥� 鈥�

Indoor house cats have died of bird flu. How did they get it? 鈥�

Traveling to die: The latest form of medical tourism 鈥�

LGBTQ+ asylum seekers detail harsh conditions and abuse in ICE custody 鈥�

Heat sensors in mosquito antennae may help them hunt us from afar 鈥�

Issue No. 2769
Global Health NOW is an initiative of Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.

Contributors include Brian W. Simpson, MPH, Dayna Kerecman Myers, Annalies Winny, Morgan Coulson, Kate Belz, Melissa Hartman, Jackie Powder, Aliza Rosen, and Rin Swann. Write us: dkerecm1@jhu.edu, like us on and follow us on Instagram and X .

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96 Global Health NOW: Scotland鈥檚 Overdose Crisis; Another Blow for Women鈥檚 Rights in Iraq; and Chinese Women Rejecting 鈥楶ro-Birth Culture鈥� August 21, 2024 A person prepares heroin to inject inside a safe consumption van in Glasgow, Scotland, on September 25, 2020. Jeff J. Mitchell/Getty Scotland鈥檚 Overdose Crisis 
Scotland saw a 鈥渉ugely concerning鈥� 12% increase in drug-related deaths last year, a new report published by has found鈥攁s the country鈥檚 drug fatality rate remains the worst in Europe.

A closer look: Drug-related deaths claimed the lives of 1,172 Scots in 2023鈥攗p 121 from the previous year, .

• The rate is 鈥渇ar higher鈥� than the rest of Europe, and 2.7X higher than England and Northern Ireland, .

• Deaths were 15X more likely in Scotland鈥檚 most impoverished regions. Drug deaths in Glasgow alone soared by 25%.

Further threat: While opiates and opioids were implicated in 80% of deaths, Scotland is also seeing a spike in deaths related to dangerous synthetic opioids like nitazenes, .

Missed targets: Agencies working with people engaged in treatment services said the 鈥渕easurable failures鈥� driving the scourge remained the same, including a lack of wraparound treatment services and inaccessible medication-assisted treatment, per a from the Scottish Drugs Forum.

• 鈥淭he big story is the old story, that not enough people are getting into treatment,鈥� said SDF鈥檚 Austin Smith.

Related: Young children are dying in Baltimore鈥檚 overdose crisis 鈥� GLOBAL HEALTH VOICES The Latest One-Liners   Jynneos mpox vaccine producer Bavarian Nordic is working with the Africa CDC, the WHO, and others to get the shots to DRC and other affected countries in Africa and to ensure equitable access; meanwhile, cases are spiking in neighboring Burundi.

The U.S. blood supply is facing a shortfall after blood drives this summer were canceled or shortened due to record temperatures across the U.S., the American Red Cross has warned.

U.S. lawmakers are scrutinizing clinical drug trials conducted by U.S. companies in China, citing the risk of intellectual property theft and 鈥渟ignificant ethical concerns鈥� about potential forced participation of Uighurs.

Regularly eating red meats鈥攅specially processed meats鈥攊s associated with increased risk of Type 2 diabetes, according to a drawing on data from ~2 million people in 20 countries; for every 1.8 ounces consumed per day, participants鈥� risk for Type 2 diabetes increased by 15%. DATA POINT HUMAN RIGHTS Another Blow for Women鈥檚 Rights in Iraq
Iraq鈥檚 parliament is advancing that would empower religious authorities to govern matters of family law鈥攊ncluding allowing girls as young as 9 to be legally married and removing divorce and inheritance protections for women.
 
Child marriages have been rising in Iraq over the last 20 years, per a 2024 , putting girls at increased risk of sexual and physical violence, adverse physical and mental health consequences, and restricted access to education and employment.
 
The Quote: 鈥淔ormally legalizing child marriage would rob countless girls of their futures and well-being. Girls belong in school and on the playground, not in a wedding dress,鈥� said HRW鈥檚 Sarah Sanbar.

GLOBAL HEALTH VOICES FAMILY PLANNING Chinese Women Rejecting 鈥楶ro-Birth Culture鈥�
China鈥檚 efforts to address its looming population crisis have resulted in stunning policy reversals over just a few years鈥攔eplacing penalties for having more than one child with a host of 鈥減ro-birth culture鈥� incentives like cash handouts and real estate subsidies. 
 
But these efforts are failing to gain traction with a generation of women who grew up watching their parents sacrifice and struggle under the one-child policy, and who remain staunchly reluctant to pursue parenthood.

• 鈥淐oercive family planning, as a form of state violence, has scarred women deeply 鈥� and people just haven鈥檛 got over it yet,鈥� said Chinese feminist L眉 Pin. 

QUICK HITS After COVID and Ebola, doctors take on mpox amid conflict in eastern DRC 鈥�

COVID vaccine efficacy against severe illness just under 50%, per early estimates from 2023 鈥�

The CDC says COVID is endemic. That doesn't mean the danger is past 鈥�

Phil Donahue鈥檚 interviews with early AIDS patients were a master class in empathy 鈥�

The dark side of the global surrogacy trade 鈥�

Doing more cancer screening won鈥檛 reduce Black-white health disparities 鈥�

Queer students look for alternatives after Texas A&M ends transgender health care services 鈥�

They arrived in Cuba with a suitcase and returned to SA as doctors. We followed 5 to see where they work today 鈥�

Our interview with "TIME's 2024 Kid of the Year," inventor of a cancer-fighting soap 鈥� Issue No. 2768
Global Health NOW is an initiative of Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.

Contributors include Brian W. Simpson, MPH, Dayna Kerecman Myers, Annalies Winny, Morgan Coulson, Kate Belz, Melissa Hartman, Jackie Powder, Aliza Rosen, and Rin Swann. Write us: dkerecm1@jhu.edu, like us on and follow us on Instagram and X .

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The spread of mpox across the Horn, eastern and southern Africa has increased the risk of infection for migrants who need 鈥渃rucial鈥� healthcare and other support ahead of an 鈥渁nticipated surge鈥� in cases, the UN migration agency (IOM) said on Wednesday, in an appeal for $18.5 million to fund the response.

96 Global Health NOW: Africa鈥檚 Growing Drug Resistance; Babies at the Center of Sepsis Crisis; and Expanding Screening in Mongolia August 20, 2024 A nurse prepares antibiotics at the Banadir Maternity and Children鈥檚 Hospital in Mogadishu, Somalia, on November 10, 2022. Scott Peterson/Getty Africa鈥檚 Growing Drug Resistance  
Africa has the world鈥檚 highest death rate from antimicrobial resistance (AMR) at 27.3 deaths per 100,000, .

• AMR led to 255,000 deaths on the continent in 2019鈥攁ccounting for more than 20% of global AMR deaths, .

What鈥檚 behind Africa鈥檚 AMR surge? Excessive use of antibiotics in people and food animals, inadequate vaccination coverage, a lack of AMR surveillance, and limited awareness of AMR are among the key factors.

• The problem is exacerbated by inadequate access to safe water, insufficient prevention efforts in hospitals, and a lack of funding and political support.

Unexpected factor: A widespread lack of common antibiotics has led to overuse of a few drugs 鈥渆ven when they are not the primary choice for treatment鈥濃�攊ncreasing the risk of AMR鈥檚 spread, per the report.
 
Datapoints:

• Just 13% of African countries have enacted nationwide infection prevention and control as well as water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) programs that meet WHO guidelines.


• Only 35% of African countries rely on antimicrobial use data for policymaking.


• Up to $6 billion per year is needed to fund a sufficient AMR response across the continent, .

GLOBAL HEALTH VOICES The Latest One-Liners   The International Council of Nurses is calling on the WHO to consider a limited moratorium on the active recruitment of nurses from 55 countries with the most severe health worker shortages, following a 鈥渄ramatic surge鈥� in recruitment of nurses from LMICs.
 
Many people taking PrEP HIV prevention medication fear it puts them at risk of discrimination鈥攁nd, counterintuitively, they sometimes stigmatize other users as 鈥減romiscuous,鈥� that suggests a need for revamped public health messaging that separates PrEP from promiscuity and emphasizes its use in vulnerable populations.
 
An implantable device for opioid safety shows promise to detect physiological changes indicative of an overdose and facilitate automated naloxone administration.
           
A person鈥檚 likelihood of getting a formal Alzheimer鈥檚 diagnosis may depend on where they live, according to University of Michigan and Dartmouth College research that found vastly different diagnosis rates across the U.S.鈥攚ith access to specialists possibly playing a role. SUPERBUGS Babies at the Center of Sepsis Crisis
As antibiotic resistance grows, neonatal sepsis poses a major threat to newborns鈥攅specially in low-resource regions of Nigeria and Ethiopia, where doctors wage pitched battles against infections that fail to respond to drugs.

• In Ethiopia, sepsis accounts for one in three newborn deaths. 


• In Nigeria, sepsis is a major reason 1 in 29 babies die within four weeks of birth. 

In both countries, doctors report limited arsenals of lifesaving backup antibiotics. They are also frequently forced to share hospital equipment鈥攆urther driving up infections. 

The quote: 鈥淚t鈥檚 happening on the scale of a pandemic. African babies are dying in huge numbers because of this very widespread and severe illness,鈥� said Nicholas Feasey, a professor at Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine. 

GLOBAL HEALTH VOICES CANCER Expanding Screening in Mongolia 
Mongolia has the highest cancer mortality rate in the world鈥攁 troubling trend national health officials are seeking to reverse through an ambitious new screening program that has now reached 40% of the country鈥檚 population. 

Behind the high rates: Mongolia鈥檚 cancer mortality rate is 194 per 100,000, compared with the global rate of 111.

• The high death rate is driven by late diagnosis: ~30% of Mongolians lead a nomadic lifestyle herding cattle, with little access to preventative medical care. 

Improving early screening: The new screening program, which is in its second year, is available to all citizens and includes six different packages of tests depending on age.

Ongoing barriers: Most inpatient cancer treatments are only available in the nation鈥檚 capital Ulaanbaatar. 



Thanks for the tip, Cecilia Meisner! QUICK HITS Russia on mpox: No risk due to our 鈥榯raditional values鈥� 鈥�

Kemish Kenneth Alier: Transforming humanitarian aid through lived experience 鈥�

Oropouche Virus Outbreak Hits Europe as First Deaths Confirmed in Brazil 鈥�

Many Afghan men believe in women's rights. But they're afraid to speak out 鈥�

Reproductive Health, Medical Costs To Feature At Democrats' Convention 鈥�

COVID-related loss of smell tied to changes in the brain 鈥�

Self-injury and suicide among people living with HIV/AIDS in China 鈥�

$1.5 Million Grant Will Advance Indigenous Data Sovereignty Worldwide 鈥�

The citation black market: schemes selling fake references alarm scientists 鈥� Issue No. 2767
Global Health NOW is an initiative of Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.

Contributors include Brian W. Simpson, MPH, Dayna Kerecman Myers, Annalies Winny, Morgan Coulson, Kate Belz, Melissa Hartman, Jackie Powder, Aliza Rosen, and Rin Swann. Write us: dkerecm1@jhu.edu, like us on and follow us on Instagram and X .

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Mpox is 鈥渘ot the 鈥榥ew COVID鈥欌�� and European governments need to show strong political commitment to eliminate it, while standing in solidarity with Africa, a top official of the UN World Health Organization (WHO) said on Tuesday.

The swift spread of a new virulent strain of the mpox virus across Africa triggered the World Health Organization (WHO) to declare it once again a public health emergency of international concern last week.

96 Global Health NOW: Mpox Emergency Escalates; Polio in Gaza; and The 鈥楢merican Arms Race鈥� Mpox cases have reached ~16,000, but the DRC has no vaccines. August 19, 2024 A doctor talks with people outside an mpox treatment center at Nyiragongo General Referral Hospital, north of Goma, DRC, on August 17. Guerchom Ndebo/AFP via Getty Mpox Emergency Escalates
Since the the mpox outbreak in the DRC to be a public health emergency of international concern last week, the threat continues to grow.

• On Thursday, Sweden reported the first mpox clade 1 case outside Africa, after an infected person returned from visiting an area in Africa experiencing a 鈥渕ajor outbreak鈥� of the new clade 1 variant, .

But the greatest threat still looms in the DRC, where hundreds of thousands of people live in overcrowded refugee camps with no access to medical care, .

• As of last week, the DRC has recorded ~16,000 total cases in all its provinces, with children especially at risk, .

Urgent need for vaccines: On top of the humanitarian crisis, the DRC still doesn鈥檛 have a single vaccine, .

• While the country has requested doses from the U.S. and Japan, it has not yet formally requested vaccines from Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance. 

The Quote: 鈥淲hat is sad here is that the vaccines are ready to go and there are certain things that are impeding these countries to have access to them,鈥� said the Center for Global Development鈥檚 Javier Guzman. 

Related:

• The untold story of how Nigeria鈥檚 mpox outbreak sparked a worldwide epidemic 鈥�


• How we got here with mpox 鈥�

GLOBAL HEALTH VOICES The Latest One-Liners   A cholera outbreak in Sudan has killed at least 22 people and sickened hundreds more in recent weeks, health authorities confirmed yesterday, as contaminated drinking water and weather conditions exacerbate the disease鈥檚 spread in the war-torn country.
 
Doctors across India have launched a national strike, turning away non-emergency patients and canceling elective procedures as protests intensify over the the rape and murder of a 31-year-old female trainee doctor at a medical college in Kolkata.

Acute malnutrition in Yemen is worsening, , with high food insecurity and disease leading to malnutrition now affecting 600,000 children鈥攊ncluding 120,000 who are 鈥渟everely malnourished.鈥�

The U.S. CDC warned doctors to be on the lookout for parvovirus infections after reporting an uptick in people with signs of infection last week; public health authorities in 14 European countries have also reported a higher number of cases than usual this year. INFECTIOUS DISEASES Polio Confirmed in Gaza   A polio infection has been confirmed in a 10-month old child in Gaza鈥攁nd more children have presented with symptoms, the Gaza Health Ministry announced on Friday, .
 
The UN is pushing for an urgent cease-fire to allow for two mass vaccination campaigns鈥攁iming to cover 640,000+ children.

• The type 2 vaccine-derived variant of the virus was detected in wastewater last month in areas hosting the majority of displaced Gazans.


• Routine immunization coverage (for the second dose of inactivated polio vaccine) dipped from 99% in 2022 to less than 90% in the first quarter of 2024, .


• ~50,000 babies born since the war began have not been immunized against polio, Mercy Corps estimates, .

The Quote: 鈥淟et鈥檚 be clear: The ultimate vaccine for polio in Gaza is peace and an immediate humanitarian ceasefire,鈥� UN Secretary-General Ant贸nio Guterres said Friday, . GLOBAL HEALTH VOICES GUNS The 鈥楢merican Arms Race鈥� 
At the height of the pandemic, millions more Americans acquired guns as 鈥渁 grim kind of logic鈥� drove them into a self-protective 鈥渁rms race,鈥� writes Marin Cogan in a must-read report about the long-term ramifications of that shift.

• One in 20 American adults bought a gun for the first time between March 2020 and March 2022, .

Deeper implications: The spike in gun-owning households will change 鈥渁ll kinds of policy and political calculations鈥� for generations, said John Roman, author of the NORC survey鈥攃iting lasting impacts on crime, medical care, and public health. 

ICYMI: NEGLECTED DISEASES Overlooked, Underinvestigated 
In sub-Saharan Africa, 40 million+ men may be affected by male genital schistosomiasis鈥揳 disease that can cause disability, infertility, and death, yet remains under the radar.

Barriers: Limited diagnostic techniques and poor access to treatment hinder efforts to combat the disease caused by a parasite transmitted by freshwater snails. 

Diagnostics get a boost: PCR diagnostics found 26.6% of fishermen tested near Lake Malawi had MGS, compared to 10.4% detected by microscopy, .

What鈥檚 needed next:

• Expand PCR testing, research, and access to key treatment drugs.


• Integrate MGS into broader public health awareness programs, particularly those targeting HIV.

QUICK HITS 5 health issues to watch for at the Democratic National Convention 鈥�

The Taliban 鈥榯ook my life鈥� 鈥� scientists who fled takeover speak out 鈥�

Texas Gov. Abbott orders hospitals to collect and send state data on patients鈥� immigration status 鈥�

Co-pays block inmates from accessing health care: study 鈥� Thanks for the tip, Cecilia Meisner!

Study exposes the dangerous 鈥榟idden鈥� mental burden of cancer on patients鈥� spouses 鈥�

Meth addiction, HIV and a struggling health system are causing a perfect storm in Fiji 鈥�

FDA Approves First Nasal Spray for Treatment of Anaphylaxis 鈥�

A Logo on a Prosthesis Is Like a Tattoo You Didn鈥檛 Ask For 鈥�

Some bats eat a ton of sugar and have no health woes. Are there lessons for diabetes? 鈥� Issue No. 2766
Global Health NOW is an initiative of Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.

Contributors include Brian W. Simpson, MPH, Dayna Kerecman Myers, Annalies Winny, Morgan Coulson, Kate Belz, Melissa Hartman, Jackie Powder, Aliza Rosen, and Rin Swann. Write us: dkerecm1@jhu.edu, like us on and follow us on Instagram and X .

Please send the Global Health NOW free sign-up link to friends and colleagues:

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Acute malnutrition is escalating among children in Government-controlled areas in Yemen, UN agencies and partners said in a report published on Sunday.

The dual-rotor helicopter touching down on Fada N鈥檊ourma鈥檚 dusty airstrip is a game changer for the hungry communities in eastern Burkina Faso. 

UN Secretary-General Ant贸nio Guterres called on Friday for warring parties in Gaza to lay down their arms so that humanitarians can safely vaccinate more than half a million children against polio. 

The World Health Organization (WHO) is supporting African countries to scale up response to curb mpox, which is now an international global health emergency. 

The chief of the World Health Organization (WHO) declared that the rise in mpox cases constitutes a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC), following advice from members at Wednesday鈥檚 International Health Regulations (IHR) Emergency Committee meeting.   

One in five children 鈥� or 466 million 鈥�  live in areas that experience at least double the number of extremely hot days every year compared with their grandparents鈥� generation, according to a new UNICEF analysis released on Wednesday.

The risk of polio spreading in Gaza remains high unless there is an urgent and comprehensive response to the serious health threat, UN humanitarians said on Wednesday.

Mpox has been confirmed in Burundi, one of four countries in Eastern Africa where the disease has surfaced for the first time, the UN World Health Organization (WHO) said on Tuesday, as the continent's top health body declared a public health emergency.